Affordability of U.S. New Homes Worsened in May 2025

The United States’ new home affordability crisis worsened slightly in May 2025, as a higher median new home sale price combined with an increase in the nation’s average mortgage rate.

The negative development means the monthly mortgage payment for the median new home sold in the United States once again consumes more than 36% of the pre-tax income of a household earning the median household income. May 2025 represents the 38th consecutive month in which the typical new home sold in the U.S. has been beyond the affordable grasp of the typical American household.

Here are the numbers being that assessment for May 2025. The initial estimate of the median sale price of a new home sold in the U.S. during the month is $426,600. Meanwhile, the 30-year conventional fixed rate mortgage carried an average interest rate of 6.82% during the month. For a household taking out a mortgage with a zero-down payment [1], the principal and interest portion of their mortgage payment would total $2,423.

That mortgage payment would consume about 40.1% of the monthly income earned by a household at the exact middle of the U.S. income distribution in May 2025. As such, it exceeds the upper threshold of affordability that lenders have historically used to determine whether they will loan money to a household that has no other debt. For households that do carry other debt, lenders prefer their monthly mortgage payments consume no more than 28% of their pre-tax household income. Mortgage borrowers have more financial resilience to deal with unexpected expenses when their mortgage payments fall below these affordability thresholds.

The latest update of our chart tracks the changing relative affordability of the typical new home sold in the U.S. is for the typical American household with respect to the mortgage lending industry’s key affordability thresholds from January 2000 through May 2025.

Looking ahead to June 2025, the interest rate for the average 30-year conventional fixed rate mortgage held steady at 6.82%, which means borrowing costs remain elevated. With mortgage rates stuck, for the affordability of new homes to improve, one or more of the following two things would need to happen:

• A decline in the price of the median new home sold in the U.S.
• A significant increase in the income earned by the median household.

About the New Home Affordability Crisis

The affordability crisis for new homes has its origin in the high inflation that was unleashed by the Biden-Harris administration’s policies in March 2021. Although it rose slowly at first, the cost of monthly mortgage payment began to skyrocket after December 2021. As a percentage of median household income, the monthly mortgage payment for a new home climbed above the key 36% threshold of relative affordability in April 2022, remaining above it in every month since.

Notes

[1] We use the zero-down payment scenario because it provides a simple way to account for the opportunity costs of paying a down payment when buying a new home for many homebuyers. Meanwhile, there are several lending programs for qualified homebuyers that do provide a zero-down payment option to try to make buying a home more affordable.

References

U.S. Census Bureau. New Residential Sales Historical Data. Houses Sold. [Excel Spreadsheet]. Accessed 25 June 2025. 

U.S. Census Bureau. New Residential Sales Historical Data. Median and Average Sale Price of Houses Sold. [Excel Spreadsheet]. Accessed 25 June 2025. 

Freddie Mac. 30-Year Fixed Rate Mortgages Since 1971. [Online Database]. Accessed 27 July 2025. Note: Starting from December 2022, the estimated monthly mortgage rate is taken as the average of weekly 30-year conventional mortgage rates recorded during the calendar month.

Image Credit: Microsoft Copilot Designer. Prompt: “An editorial cartoon of a sign advertising a new home for sale with a gasoline pump meter labeled ‘MONTHLY MORTGAGE PAYMENT’”, which we followed up with a second prompt: “Remove the nozzle and hose from the gas pump. Also change the number in the meter to 2423″.